For several years, trace gas spectroscopy has kindled widespread interest. The very highly sensitive absorption spectroscopy can identify compounds in trace amounts. It is used in fundamental research as well as in fields such as metrology, the in situ detection of trace atmospheric pollution (accidental or not ), and industrial process control. However, until now numerous characteristics had to be brought together to develop an efficient spectrometer. Consequently, until recently, there was no instrument with all the characteristics at the same time. Researchers at the Molecular Photophysics Laboratory (LPPM), CNRS and Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Germany have risen to challenge within the European Laboratory for Frequency Comb Spectroscopy, jointly with the University of Tokyo, Japan and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany.
Headed by 2005 Nobel Physics Laureate Theodor W. Hänsch and Nathalie Picqué from LPPM, the international team has designed a spectrometer based on a high-finesse cavity and two femtosecond frequency comb lasers. The process can record spectrums. The high-sensitivity recording is 1 million times faster that today's best spectrometers. During a demonstration, the ammonia spectrum, a molecule of planetological and environmental interest, was measured in 18 microseconds. For a measurement time 100 times shorter, the resulting sensitivity is already 20 times better than the feasibility demonstration that held the earlier record. As the method has very high sensitivity and can be extended to all the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, it could dynamically explore medium infrared, the area of molecular 'footprints' where no efficient real-time spectroscopy technique exists today. Other numerous applications are possible in fields such as analytical chemistry, plasma physics, laboratory astrophysics, biomedicine, environmental probing and security.