Scientists at the CNRS Paul Pascal Research Center (Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP) in Bordeaux have transformed solar energy into electric energy in an environmentally-friendly and renewable manner. The new strategy has led to the development of a biofuel cell. It functions using the products of photosynthesis (glucose and O2) and is made of two enzyme-modified electrodes. Once the highly O2- and glucose-sensitive electrodes were implanted into the plant, the scientists were able to monitor the real-time course of photosynthesis in vivo. They observed an increase in electrical current when a desk lamp was switched on, and a decrease when it was switched off. The scientists were also able to make the first ever observation of the real-time course of glucose levels during photosynthesis.
The research whose results have just been published in Analytical Chemistry have shown that a biofuel cell inserted into a cactus could generate power of 9 microW per cm2. Because yield is proportional to light intensity, stronger illumination accelerates the product of glucose and O2, so more fuel was available to operate the cell. Research goal is to develop a biofuel cell for medical applications. The cell inserted under the skin could run on self-power by drawing chemical energy from the oxygen-glucose pair that can be found in physiological fluids in nature. Implanted medical devices, such as autonomous subcutaneous sensors to measure glucose levels in diabetic patients, could be powered this way.