2010/07/12 > eTech France 244 > Chameleon Cells - A Step Toward Improved Cicatrization?

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		Live from the Lab Chameleon Cells - A Step Toward Improved Cicatrization? http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/64031.htm We are all made of different types of cells which stem from non-specialized "precursor" cells. The differentiation mechanisms enable cells to specialize. Another particular feature of multcellular organisms is that during embryonic development the cells are arranged into sealed compartments that are critical for proper organ assembly. Now, the cells obey two rules within the compartments: once they are differentiated, they preserve their own particular identity, the cells of a given compartment stay together and never mix with the cells in another compartment. However, the research (results recently published in PloS Biology) conducted by CNRS and Nice University researchers at the Institute on Development Biology and Cancer tends to upset somewhat common knowledge. The researchers studied fruit fly embryos during 'dorsal closure', a key stage of morphogenesis during which two epidermises meet and close, similar to when a wound seals after a cut. The scientists observed that one type of cell breaks both rules. The so-called 'chameleon' cells can change identity and their compartment in normal embryonic development conditions. Although the change of identity or cell plasticity is already known in pathological cases, here cell plasticity occurs without going through the cell re-differentiation stage that requires one or several cell divisions. The researchers have shown that cell plasticity is controlled by specific genes that are also involved in the tissue regeneration of the adult fruit fly. The mechanism is a unique cell behavior that had never yet been observed in embryonic development. The other amazing observation they made is that, once differentiated, the chameleon cells change cell compartment whereas the compartment borders are said to be impassable! Furthermore, the higher the number of cells migrating to the destination compartment, the more tissue stress lowers. The researchers have discovered that the cell plasticity mechanism of chameleon cells caused insertions movements of connected cells via a still-unknown mechanism. Thus, tissue has the capacity to adapt to stress variations occurring during embryo morphogenesis. To do so, an area called the "relaxation compartment" is created. It allows tissues, in this case the epidermis, to release stress during tissue sealing. The sealing between tissues during the dorsal closure of the fruit fly embryo, a phenomenon similar to epidermis cicatrization, then takes place perfectly without any visible scar. The results may eventually clear the way for a new research path in regenerative medicine.	>> Suivant << Précédent Version imprimable >> Transmettre cette info par email >> Recommander ce site à un collègue / ami >> S'abonner au eTech France >> FAQ / foire aux questions >> Conditions d'utilisation >>


	Pour en savoir plus, contacts :	Université de Nice (Nice University)- Stéphane Noselli - Phone: +33 (0)4 92 07 64 33 - email: noselli@unice.fr	Code brève ADIT : 64031

	Rédacteur :	ADIT - Jean-François Desessard - email: jfd@adit.fr


	Origine :	eTech France numéro 244 (12/07/2010) - ADIT / ADIT - http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/64031.htm

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